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Naresar Group of Temples, Gwalior

Nareshwar group of temples, Gwalior India
Nestled near Gwalior in Madhya Pradesh, the Naresar Temples Group stands as a captivating testament to India’s rich architectural heritage. A complex of roughly 20 temples, they were mostly built between 810 and 980 CE during the reign of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty. The group includes the Krakotakesvara, Pitupretesvara, Valabhi, Sitalesvara, Devi, Mata-ka-mandir, and Ramesvara Mahadeva temples. These shrines, organized into four clusters, were dedicated to Hindu deities like Shiva, Durga, Vishnu, and other divine figures, as evidenced by their sanctum lalitabimba. The site includes water tanks and some early flat roof temples that may be 7th or 8th century. The complex was active through the 13th century as is evidenced by the inscriptions of 1145 and 1272 CE.

The Krakotakesvara Temple, dedicated to Shiva, is a standout with its early Nagara-style shikhara and intricate doorframe carvings, featuring Ganga and Yamuna river-goddesses and a flying Garuda holding naga tails—artwork that mesmerizes with its detail. The Pitupretesvara Temple, also Shiva-dedicated, boasts a concealed vedibandha and a khura moulding, hinting at evolving craftsmanship. Shaiva themes such as Vinadharasiva and Lakulisa are notable for their yoga postures, as well as being depicted with two-arms.

What sets Naresar Hindu temples apart is its architectural innovations. The rare “Sala-sikhara” style—akin to the “wagon-vault” or Valabhi design—celebrated in ancient Sanskrit texts, a form that has survived only sparingly elsewhere, as in Mahabalipuram’s Bhima and Ganesha ratha, Gujarat’s Khimeshwara, Himachal Pradesh’s Jageshwara, Odisha’s Vaithal Deul, and Gwalior’s own Teli-ka-mandir. Another marvel lies in the Naresar temples’ departure from the classical square plan, venturing into rectangular layouts while maintaining rhythmic geometric ratios—2:1:2:1:2, 3:5, 7:10, 2:5, 3:4, 4:9, as documented by Michael Meister.

Beyond the temples, another striking feature is the group’s ingenious hydraulics, a testament to eighth-century engineering. The upper cluster, perched near a small lake, channels monsoon waters into a picturesque waterfall, guided by manmade passages, stone bridges, and walkways that weave through the lower temples, ensuring harmony between nature and worship. Tucked a few kilometers off Gwalior airport, accessible via a rustic hiking trail, Naresar’s four clusters nestle along a scenic gorge, their remote beauty inviting the curious to ponder the devotion etched in stone.

The Naresar temples iconography offers a rich tapestry for comparative studies with nearby Morena sites like Batesar, Mitawali, and Padhavali. These are best appreciated with the fabulous temples and monuments in Gwalior.

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