Buddhism flourished here as well, especially under the Pala Empire (8th–12th centuries). That era's art survives in masterpieces like the Somapura Mahavihara at Paharpur, one of the largest Buddhist monasteries in South Asia and now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Jainism’s presence, relatively scant, is reflected in scattered ruins and images, particularly in northern districts linked to historic trade routes.
From Gupta-era sculptural fragments to medieval riverfront temple towns, Bangladesh’s pre-15th century archaeological record reveals a blend of religious traditions and artistic ingenuity. Regional Bangladesh variations can be seen, with overlaps in styles found in West Bengal, Assam and Tripura. These weave the story of emergence as well as the tragic destruction of sites that once connected the Bengal delta to the wider tapestry of South Asian history and devotion.